http://dspace.aiub.edu:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/21 Thu, 02 Apr 2026 02:28:19 GMT 2026-04-02T02:28:19Z http://dspace.aiub.edu:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/2932 Title: The Integrated Environmental Justice ADR Paradigm: Institutionalizing Equity and Reciprocity in Transboundary Conflict Resolution Authors: Azam, Rawnak Miraj Ul Abstract: This paper examines the transformative potential of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in addressing environmental conflicts arising from large-scale and transboundary infrastructure projects. It argues that traditional litigation, constrained by cost, rigidity, and adversarial dynamics, fails to ensure environmental justice or sustainable outcomes, particularly for marginalized communities. Employing a mixed-methods approach, integrating doctrinal analysis of global legal frameworks with comparative case studies, the study reveals systemic power imbalances that render ADR processes vulnerable to manipulation by powerful states and corporations. Through in-depth analyses of cases such as the Lesotho Highlands Water Project, Belo Monte Dam, and Dakota Access Pipeline, the paper exposes the phenomenon of “unattended voices” in environmental governance. It advances a novel framework for “Integrated Environmental Justice ADR”, proposing the establishment of a Global Environmental ADR Tribunal, mandatory Environmental Justice Impact Assessments, and cultural competency mandates to reimagine ADR as a genuinely equitable and sustainable instrument of environmental harmony. Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.aiub.edu:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/2932 2025-10-24T00:00:00Z http://dspace.aiub.edu:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/1404 Title: Revisiting the patent regime of Bangladesh: compatibility with TRIPS and international best practices Authors: Islam, Mohammad Towhidul; Apurbo, Sadman Rizwan Abstract: Bangladesh inherited the Patents and Designs Act, 1911, from the British and retained it for over a century with no substantial amendments. However, as a least developed country (LDC), Bangladesh will be required to comply with the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement after the expiry of its transitional waiver upon graduation from the LDC status in 2026. Against this backdrop, Bangladesh has enacted a new patent law, the Bangladesh Patents Act, 2022, in an effort to make the local patent provisions responsive to the needs of innovators and consumers. This article examines the new patent law to assess its compliance with the TRIPS Agreement. To this aim, the article compares the patent provisions of the 2022 Act with the patent regime of other developing countries, like India and Brazil, and analyses how these countries use the treaty provisions to meet the interest of intellectual property owners and users. Lastly, the article suggests some plausible solutions for Bangladesh. Thu, 01 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.aiub.edu:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/1404 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z