In Body Antenna for Monitoring and Controlling Pacemaker

Abstract

This paper is an extension of work originally presented in 2019 International Conference on Automation, Computational and Technology Management (ICACTM). A micro-strip patch in-body designed antenna is constructed on pacemaker to monitor and control the pacemaker wirelessly. The antenna is intended for ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) band (2.4 GHz to 2.48 GHz). A perfect electric conductor (PEC) is considered as pacemaker body and used as the ground of the propounded antenna having dimensions 40 x 30 x 10 mm3. The patch material is chosen Copper having dimensions 35 x 22 x 0.1 mm3 and covered up with substrate material Rogers R03010 (loss tangent δ = 0.0035 and dielectric constant, r = 10.2) with thickness of 1.55 mm to make it compatible in human body. The designed antenna is placed and analyzed in 2/3 muscle equivalent phantom by changing the depth of the antenna. Results disclose that operating frequency is 2.464 GHz with reflection coefficient -28.37 dB. The antenna maintains frequency range from 1.8075 GHz to 3.445 GHz, which represents wide bandwidth of 1.6375 GHz. To ensure the human body safety, specific absorption rate is analyzed and found 0.937 W/Kg for 10g tissue at operating frequency, which makes it biocompatible. The surface current distribution, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, Current density, far-field radiation characteristics, radiation efficiency, and total efficiency are investigated to analyze the effect and performance of the designed antenna. CST Microwave Studio is used for simulation and analysis the parameters of the antenna.