Design and Analysis of a GSM and GPS-Based Smart Stick for Visually Challenged Persons with Real-Time Location Sharing and Obstacle Detection

Abstract

This work presents the design and development of a smart blind stick intended to assist visually challenged individuals by enhancing their navigation and personal safety. The system integrates multiple sensors and modules to create an effective and low-cost assistive device. An ultrasonic sensor is used to detect obstacles in the operator’s path within a range of 50 cm, triggering a buzzer to provide real-time audio feedback. A push-button is included for emergencies; if held for more than one second, it triggers a pre-programmed SOS message to be sent via the SIM800L GSM module. To enhance the accuracy of emergency response and facilitate quick rescue, a GPS module (Neo-6M) is integrated, enabling the system to extract real-time latitude and longitude coordinates and include them in the SMS alert. An Arduino Uno controls the entire system and is powered by a battery pack. This system is effectively simulated in Proteus software. The simulation and experimental performance test results of this work demonstrate that the proposed system addressed the challenges faced by visually impaired individuals. This offers both mobility and emergency communication, making it a valuable contribution to assistive technology. It is low-cost, portable, and scalable for real-world implementation.