Diagnosis of Early-Stage Lung Cancer and Tumor using the 5G Band Microstrip Patch Antenna

Abstract

Lung cancer and tumors have been a common cause of death in recent times. Early identification of that kind of cancer is challenging due to its small size. Among current techniques, microwave imaging (MI) has been one of the efficient methods for diagnosing lung cancer. In this research work, a microstrip patch antenna has been designed and simulated in the CST Studio Suite Software for MI to diagnose lung cancer using the FR-4 (Lossy) substrate material and a resonant frequency of 2.3 GHz (5G-Band) that ranges from 1.5 to 3 GHz with a 60.46 * 78.73 * 1.7 mm3 in dimensions. A lung phantom has also been created involving lung tissues, pleura, muscles, fats, and skin. After that, a tumor of 5 mm size was placed on that lung phantom both with and without the tumor for measuring the antenna's output performance. After implanting the antenna in the lung phantom with and without tumor, a return loss (S1,1) of −47.30 dB and −48.93 dB were, respectively, obtained. This research also introduces other obtained performance parameters such as radiation efficiency, polar radiation, directivity (3D), gain, SAR, and others, illustrating that the antenna model is a safer choice for detecting lung cancer on time.